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Version: Next

Invoking native functions on your native component

In the base guide to write a new Native Component, you have explored how to create a new component, how to pass properties from the JS side to the native side, and how to emit events from native side to JS.

Custom components can also call some of the functions implementated in the native code imperatively, to achieve some more advanced functionalities, such as programmatically reload a web page.

In this guide you'll learn how to achieve this, by using a new concept: Native Commands.

This guide starts from the Native Components guide and assumes that you are familiar with it and that you are familiar with Codegen.

1. Update your component specs​

The first step is to update the component spec to declare the NativeCommand.

Update the WebViewNativeComponent.ts as it follows:

Demo/specs/WebViewNativeComponent.ts
import type {HostComponent, ViewProps} from 'react-native';
import type {BubblingEventHandler} from 'react-native/Libraries/Types/CodegenTypes';
import codegenNativeComponent from 'react-native/Libraries/Utilities/codegenNativeComponent';
+import codegenNativeCommands from 'react-native/Libraries/Utilities/codegenNativeCommands';

type WebViewScriptLoadedEvent = {
  result: 'success' | 'error';
};

export interface NativeProps extends ViewProps {
  sourceURL?: string;
  onScriptLoaded?: BubblingEventHandler<WebViewScriptLoadedEvent> | null;
}

+interface NativeCommands {
+    reload: (viewRef: React.ElementRef<HostComponent<NativeProps>>) => void;
+}

+export const Commands: NativeCommands = codegenNativeCommands<NativeCommands>({
+    supportedCommands: ['reload'],
+});

export default codegenNativeComponent<NativeProps>(
  'CustomWebView',
) as HostComponent<NativeProps>;

These changes requires you to:

  1. Import the codegenNativeCommands function from react-native. This instruct codegen that it has to generate the code for NativeCommands
  2. Define an interface that contains the methods we want to invoke in native. All the Native Commands must have a first parameter of type React.ElementRef.
  3. Export the Commands variable that is the result of the invocation of codegenNativeCommands, passing a list of the supported commands.
warning

In TypeScript, the React.ElementRef is deprecated. The correct type to use is actually React.ComponentRef. However, due to a bug in Codegen, using ComponentRef will crash the app. We have the fix already, but we need to release a new version of React Native to apply it.

2. Update the App code to use the new command​

Now you can use the command in the the app.

Open the App.tsx file and modify it as it follows:

App.tsx
import React from 'react';
-import {Alert, StyleSheet, View} from 'react-native';
-import WebView from '../specs/WebViewNativeComponent';
+import {Alert, StyleSheet, Pressable, Text, View} from 'react-native';
+import WebView, {Commands} from '../specs/WebViewNativeComponent';

function App(): React.JSX.Element {
+    const webViewRef = React.useRef<React.ElementRef<typeof View> | null>(null);
+
+    const refresh = () => {
+        if (webViewRef.current) {
+            Commands.reload(webViewRef.current);
+        }
+    };

  return (
    <View style={styles.container}>
      <WebView
+       ref={webViewRef}
        sourceURL="https://react.dev/"
        style={styles.webview}
        onScriptLoaded={() => {
          Alert.alert('Page Loaded');
        }}
      />
+      <View style={styles.tabbar}>
+        <Pressable onPress={refresh} style={styles.button}>
+            {({pressed}) => (
+                !pressed ? <Text style={styles.buttonText}>Refresh</Text> : <Text style={styles.buttonTextPressed}>Refresh</Text>) }
+        </Pressable>
+      </View>
    </View>
  );
}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    alignItems: 'center',
    alignContent: 'center',
  },
  webview: {
    width: '100%',
-    height: '100%',
+    height: '90%',
  },
+  tabbar: {
+    flex: 1,
+    backgroundColor: 'gray',
+    width: '100%',
+    alignItems: 'center',
+    alignContent: 'center',
+  },
+  button: {
+    margin: 10,
+  },
+  buttonText: {
+    fontSize: 20,
+    fontWeight: 'bold',
+    color: '#00D6FF',
+    width: '100%',
+  },
+  buttonTextPressed: {
+    fontSize: 20,
+    fontWeight: 'bold',
+    color: '#00D6FF77',
+    width: '100%',
+  },
});

export default App;

The relevant changes here are the following:

  1. Import the Commands const from the spec file. The Command is an object that let us call the methods we have in native.
  2. Declare a ref to the WebView custom native component using useRef. You need to pass this ref to the native command.
  3. Implement the refresh function. This function checks that the WebView's ref is not null and if not, it calls the command.
  4. Add a pressable to call the command when the user taps on the button.

The remaining changes are regular React changes to add a Pressable and to style the view so it looks nicer.

3. Rerun Codegen​

Now that the specs are updated and the code is ready to use the command, it is time to implement the Native code. However, before diving into writing native code, you have to rerun codegen, to let it generate the new types that are needed by the Native code.

Codegen is executed through the generateCodegenArtifactsFromSchema Gradle task:

bash
cd android
./gradlew generateCodegenArtifactsFromSchema

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 837ms
14 actionable tasks: 3 executed, 11 up-to-date

This is automatically run when you build your Android application.

4. Implement the Native Code​

Now it's time to implement the native changes that will enable your JS to directly invoke methods on your native view.

To let your view respond to the Native Command, you only have to modify the ReactWebViewManager.

If you try to build right now, the build will fail, because the current ReactWebViewManager does not implement the new reload method. To fix the build error, let's modify the ReactWebViewManager to implement it.

ReactWebViewManager.java

//...
  @ReactProp(name = "sourceUrl")
  @Override
  public void setSourceURL(ReactWebView view, String sourceURL) {
    if (sourceURL == null) {
      view.emitOnScriptLoaded(ReactWebView.OnScriptLoadedEventResult.error);
      return;
    }
    view.loadUrl(sourceURL, new HashMap<>());
  }

+  @Override
+  public void reload(ReactWebView view) {
+    view.reload();
+  }

  public static final String REACT_CLASS = "CustomWebView";
//...

In this case, it's enough to call directly the view.reload() method because our ReactWebView inherits from the Android's WebView and it has a reload method directly available. If you are implementing a custom function, that is not available in your custom view, you might also have to implement the required method in the Android's View that is managed by the React Native's ViewManager.

5. Run your app​

Finally, you can run your app with the usual commands. Once the app is running, you can tap on the refresh button to see the page getting reloaded.

Android
iOS